Vertical stratification of birds in a monospecific tree plantation and native forest in the Central Andes of Colombia
Vertical stratification of birds in a monospecific tree plantation and native forest in the Central Andes of Colombia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59517/oc.e53Keywords:
Avifauna, native forest, Colombia, vertical stratification, Chinese ash, plantations, restorationAbstract
In an attempt to recover forest cover in deforested areas of the Colombian Andes, some restoration efforts have been conducted with both native and exotic species of trees. The role that these plantations may play as part of the landscape ecosystem mosaic has been little studied. To evaluate the effect of tree plantations on stratification of bird foraging heights, we explored the relationship between vegetation structure and vertical stratification of the avifauna in patches of mature forest, regenerated forest and Chinese ash (Fraxinus chinensis) plantations in the Central Cordillera of Colombia. We found that the three forest types differ in some structural aspects, mainly in canopy cover. However, we found no differences in the way birds use the three habitats. Our results indicated that natural forest and tree plantations are functionally equivalent in terms of bird stratification (both for individual species and for foraging guilds). This information indicates that small-scale exotic tree plantations (small patches surrounded by native forest) do not necessarily have a negative effect on the bird community and ecological processes, provided that native vegetation is allowed to grow in the understory and edges.
Downloads
References
ANDRADE, G. I. 1993. Paisaje y biodiversidad en las selvas de los Andes. Págs. 31-44 en: G. I. Andrade (ed.). Carpanta: selva nublada y páramo. Fundación Natura Colombia, The Nature Conservancy y Empresa de Acueducto y Alcantarillado de Bogotá, Santafé de Bogotá.
BRASH, A. R. 1987. The history of avian extinctions and forest conversion on Puerto Rico. Biological Conservation 39: 97-111.
CALVO, L. & J. BLAKE. 1998. Bird diversity and abundance on two different shade coffee plantations in Guatemala. Bird Conservation International 8:297-308.
CAVELIER, J. 1997. Selvas y bosques montanos. Págs 38-55 en: M. E. Chaves & N. Arango (eds.). Informe nacional sobre el estado de la biodiversidad, Tomo I. Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogotá.
DURÁN, S. M. & G. H. KATTAN. 2005. A test of the utility of exotic tree plantations for understory birds and food resources in the Colombian Andes. Biotropica 37:129-135.
ESPINAL, L.S. & E. MONTENEGRO. 1963. Formaciones vegetales de Colombia. Memoria explicativa sobre el mapa ecológico. Instituto Geográfico Agustín Codazzi, Bogotá.
EWEL, J. J. & F. E. PUTZ. 2004. A place for alien species in ecosystem management. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 2:354-360.
HAGGAR, J., K. WIGHTMAN & R. FISHER. 1997. The potential of plantations to foster woody regeneration within a deforested landscape in lowland Costa Rica. Forest Ecology and Management 99:55-64.
HAYES, F. E. & I. SAMAD. 1998. Diversity, abundance and seasonality of birds in a Caribbean pine plantation and native broad-leaved forest at Trinidad, West Indies. Bird Conservation International 8:67-87.
HILTY, S.L. & W. L. BROWN. 1986. A guide to the birds of Colombia. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey.
KARR, J. R. & R. R. ROTH, 1971. Vegetation structure and avian diversity in several New World areas. American Naturalist 105:423-435.
KATTAN, G. H. 1997. Transformación del paisaje y fragmentación del hábitat: ecosistemas terrestres. Págs. 76-87 en: M. E. Chaves & N. Arango (eds.). Informe nacional sobre el estado de la biodiversidad, Tomo II. Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogotá.
KATTAN, G. H. & H. ÁLVAREZ-LÓPEZ. 1996. Preservation and management of biodiversity in fragmented landscapes in the Colombian Andes. Págs. 3-18 en: J. Schelhas & R. Greenberg (eds.). Forest remnants in the tropical landscape. Island Press, Washington, D. C.
KATTAN, G. H. & J. W. BELTRÁN. 2002. Rarity in antpittas: territory size and population density of five Grallaria spp. In a regenerating habitat mosaic in the Andes of Colombia. Bird Conservation International 12:231-240.
LONDOÑO, E. 1994. Parque Regional Natural Ucumarí, un vistazo histórico. Págs. 39-56 en: J. O. Rangel (ed.). Ucumarí: un caso típico de la diversidad biótica andina. Corporación Autónoma Regional de Risaralda. Pereira.
LONDOÑO, G. A., C. SAAVEDRA, D. OSORIO & J. MARTÍNEZ. 2004. Notas sobre la anidación del tororoi bigotudo (Grallaria alleni) en la cordillera Central de Colombia. Ornitología Colombiana 2:19-24.
MACARTHUR, R. H. 1958. Population ecology of some warblers of northeastern coniferous forests. Ecology 39:599-619.
MARRA, P. P. & J. V. REMSEN, JR. 1997. Insights into the maintenance of high species diversity in the neotropics: Habitat selection and foraging behavior in understory birds of tropical and temperate forests. Págs. 445-483 en: J. V. Remsen, Jr. (ed.). Studies in Neotropical ornithology, honoring Ted Parker. Ornithological Monographs No. 48. The American Ornithologists’ Union, Washington, DC.
MAURER, B. A. & R. C. WHITMORE. 1981. Foraging of five bird species in two forests with differente vegetation structure. Willson Bulletin 93:478-490.
MITRA, S. S. & F. H. SHELDON. 1993. Use of an exotic tree plantation by Bornean lowland forest birds. Auk 110:529-539.
MURCIA, C. 1997. Evaluation of Andean alder as a catalyst for the recovery of tropical cloud forests in Colombia. Forest Ecology and Management 99:163-170.
NARANJO, L. G. & F. A. ESTELA. 1999. Inventario de la avifauna de un área suburbana de la ciudad de Cali. Boletín SAO 9:11-27.
PARRISH, J.D. & L.J. PETIT. 1995. Value of shade coffee plantations for tropical birds: landscape and vegetation effects. Págs: 113-123. en: W. Lockeretz (ed.). Environmental enhancement through agriculture. Proceedings of a conference held in Boston, Massachusetts, Noviembre 15-17, 1995.
PEARSON, D. L. 1971. Vertical stratification of birds in a tropical dry forest. Condor 73: 46-55.
PEARSON, D. L. 1975. The relation of foliage complexity to ecological diversity of three Amazonian bird communities. Condor 77: 453-466.
PERFECTO, I., R.A. RICE, R. GREENBERG & M.E. VAN DER VOORT. 1996. Shade coffee: a disappearing refuge for biodiversity. BioScience 46: 598-608.
PETIT, L.J. & D.R. PETIT. 2003. Evaluating the importance of human-modified lands for Neotropical bird conservation. Conservation Biology 17:687-694.
PETIT, L. J., D. R. PETIT, D. G. CHRISTIAN, & H. D. W. POWELL. 1999. Bird communities of natural and modified habitats in Panama. Ecography 22:292-304.
PINILLA, G. & A. SUAREZ. 1998. Efectos de plantaciones forestales sobre fauna y ora. Serie Técnica No. 41. Programa CONIF-MinAmbiente-BIRF, Bogotá.
RENJIFO, L. M. 2001. Effect of natural and anthropogenic landscape matrices on the abundance of subandean bird species. Ecological Applications 11:14-31.
RENJIFO, L. M. & G. I. ANDRADE. 1987. Estudio comparativo de la avifauna entre un área de bosque andino primario y un crecimiento secundario en el Quindío, Colombia. Págs. 121-127 en: H. Álvarez, G. Kattan & C. Murcia (eds.). Memorias III Congreso de Ornitología Neotropical. Sociedad Vallecaucana de Ornitología, Sección colombiana del Consejo Internacional para la Preservación de las Aves y Universidad del Valle, Cali.
RENJIFO, L. M., A.M. FRANCO-MAYA, J. D. AMAYA-ESPINEL, G. H. KATTAN & B. LÓPEZ-LANÚS. (eds). 2002. Libro rojo de aves de Colombia. Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt y Ministerio del Medio Ambiente, Bogotá.
SMITH, A. P. 1973. Stratification of temperate and tropical forests. American Naturalist 107: 671-683.
WUNDERLE, J. M. JR. & S. C. LATTA. 1996. Avian abundance in sun and shade coffee plantations and remnant pine forest in the cordillera Central, Dominican Republic. Ornitología Neotropical 7:19-34.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
