El efecto de la concentración del néctar sobre las estrategias de forrajeo entre colibríes (Aves: Trochilidae) en bebederos artificiales
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59517/oc.e568Palabras clave:
análisis costo-beneficio, Colombia, comederos artificiales, consumo de néctar, interferenciaResumen
Los colibríes son nectarívoros especializados y su comportamiento de alimentación en bebederos artificiales es altamente variable. No todos los individuos eligen de la misma forma su alimento, ya que algunos presentan preferencias por el consumo de ciertos recursos. En este estudio evaluamos los patrones de forrajeo de néctar en un ensamblaje de colibríes en el Centro de Investigación Colibrí Gorriazul. Realizamos grabaciones de videos de alta velocidad en un experimento de tres réplicas, analizamos las visitas a jeringas modificadas como comederos con diferentes concentraciones del néctar; registramos cinco periodos en el día, durante cuatro días por mes y cuatro meses. Cuantificamos datos de consumo de néctar, número de tomas, número de visitas y tiempo de visita. Adicionalmente, comparamos datos con y sin competidores. Se presentó alta duración de las visitas y número de tomas bajo. En presencia de competidores, el patrón de forrajeo se alteró, aumentando el tiempo de visitas y número de tomas. El consumo y cantidad de visitas fueron menores en bebederos con concentraciones extremas altas o bajas, y aumentaron en las concentraciones intermedias, particularmente a 20% (concentración común en flores ornitófilas). Los patrones de forrajeo difirieron entre especies, las pequeñas tuvieron visitas más cortas y con menos tomas respecto a las especies de mayor tamaño. Para especies que pueden identificarse el sexo por dicromatismo sexual, se registraron más visitas de machos que de hembras en visitas sin competidores. Por otro lado, las variables de forrajeo no presentaron correlación con la hora, pero a largo plazo, el consumo de néctar varió considerablemente entre meses. Los resultados de este trabajo permiten observar a detalle, con casi 3.000 registros, las estrategias de forrajeo en ambientes intervenidos, analizando recurso de diferente calidad (variedad de concentraciones) y con la inclusión del factor de competencia. Se requieren estudios adicionales para evaluar el efecto de otros factores (individuo, anatomía floral, disposición espacial) que se conoce que condicionan el forrajeo.
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